Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Sep 14, 2004 the volatile oil of elettaria cardamomum l. Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological. Elettaria cardamomum zingiberaceae or cardamom is commonly known as queen of spices for the versatile use in cooking practice. This could be derived and some books state so from the adjective amomos blameless, without reproach. Although india is the largest producer of cardamom, only a. Theophrastus and even in the ancient indian sacred books known as vedas. Cardamom otherwise known as malabar cardamom, true cardamom or small cardamom second only to pepper in its importance during the renaissance period, is often qualified as the queen of spices because of its very pleasant aroma and taste. How to grow flavorful cardamom in your home garden. Elettaria cardamomum definition of elettaria cardamomum by. The cardamom plant has a tuberous horizontal rhizome, sending up from eight to twenty erect, simple, smooth, green and shining, perennial stems, which rise from six to twelve feet in height, and bear alternate ellipticallanceolate sheathing leaves.
Domestication of cardamom elettaria cardamomum in western. We dont share your credit card details with thirdparty sellers, and we dont sell your information to others. Elettaria cardamomum, commonly known as green or true cardamom, is a herbaceous, perennial plant in the ginger family, native to southern india. The healer made a number of uses of four spices in his formulations, namely bark of cinnamomum verum, leaves of cinnamomum tamala, floral buds of syzygium aromaticum, and fruits of elettaria cardamomum. Botanically named as elettaria cardamomum, cardamom is well identified by its small seed pods with an outer shell enclosing. The basic chromosome number x 12 and 2n 48 indicates its balanced tetraploid nature madhusoodanan et al. Ayurvedic remedies for wrinkles, cardamom essential oil, chemical constituents of cardamom oil, elettaria cardamomum, health benefits of. Cardamom is an herbaceous perennial plant that grows 25 m in height, with underground rhizomes and is propagated by. Journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry taking into consideration all the above mentioned qualities of the three spices namely, syzygium aromaticum, elettaria cardamomum and piper nigrum, the present study was carried out to assess their biochemical and phytochemical nature along with their the antimicrobial activities. Elettaria cardamomum cardamom phytochemicals by plant.
The modern genus name elettaria is derived from the root elam attested in dravidian languages. Cardamom is an important economic crop and is a highly valued spice parthasarathy et al. Cardamom elettaria cardamomum maton, a native of high ranges of western ghats of india, is an ecofriendly plantation spice crop. Chemopreventive effects of cardamom elettaria cardamomum l on chemically induced skin carcinogenesis in swiss albino mice. The seeds are an ingredient of curries, used in pastries and liqueurs, and have also been used in perfumemaking. Elettaria cardamomum seed extract ingredient for cosmetics formulations find latest products launched and their applications in relevant industry news and technical articles. Black cardamom, also known as brown, greater, large, longer, or nepal cardamom. They help soothe indigestion and are a must for turkish coffee.
In the new testament which was largely written in greek, the name amomon appears in reference to an aromatic plant. Comparative analysis of the oil and supercritical co2. Cardamom is a perennial herb with lanceshaped leaves borne on long sheathing stems, up to 4 m high. It is beneficial for overall digestive system, respiratory system, kidneys, blood, heart, and skin. Other articles where elettaria cardamomum is discussed. Most of these with the exception of cardamom are considered warming in the ayurvedic medicine theory. Ginger is obtained from the rhizomes of zingiber officinale. Learn about elettaria cardamomum cardamom perennial. As an ornamental plant it must be grown with constant warmth. It is a perennial shrub with stems in the shape of the sheath, which have height between 2 and 5 m. Ashokkumar k1, murugan m2, dhanya mk2, warkentin td3.
Maton seeds was obtained by supercritical co2 extraction scco2. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. Elettaria and amomum are the two main genera of the ginger family that are named as forms of cardamom. Elettaria cardamomum, a highly priced spice, is native to the western ghats of south india. The components present in the methanol extract of elettaria cardamomum were identified by gcms analysis figure 1. Zingiberaceae, called the queen of spices in india, is a tall, perennial, reedlike herb that grows wild and is cultivated in india and sri lanka. Elettaria cardamomum fruit ahpa botanical identity. Elettaria cardamomum seed extract cosmetic ingredient inci.
Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of cardamom elettaria cardamomum l. Elettaria cardamomum cardamom grows in the tropics, in plantations or wild, usually in partially deforested tropical areas, as it needs shadow. Elettaria cardamomum synonyms, elettaria cardamomum antonyms. Perhaps the widest misidentification in horticulture, the majority of cardamom plants sold in the us, are, in fact the cinnomon ginger, alpinia nutans. The spicy seeds are very aromatic and used extensively for culinary purposes, it is the true cardamom of commerce. Known as the king of spices, black pepper piper nigrum l. If you bought a plant with a tag that says cardamom. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. Nuts and seeds in health and disease prevention, 2011.
The seeds of elettaria cardamomum are the source of cardamom. Elettaria cardamomum is one of the ingredients of a herbal syrup that has been found to have antimicrobial action against li, teus, klebsiella, and pseudomonas. It is commonly found in ayurvedic medicines used for the treatment of several diseases of these organs. Apart from its use as a flavoring agent in food preparations. Less commonly, mace, fennel or star anise may be used. Usa home product directory cell biology nutrition research phytochemicals by plant foodspiceherb elettaria cardamomum cardamom life science home life science products. Santalaceae commonly known as indian sandalwood is one of the oldest and precious sources of natural fragrance with immense medicinal and commercial significance. It is the most common of the species whose seeds are used as a spice called cardamom. The active compounds with their retention time rt, molecular formula and molecular weight mw in the methanol extract of leaves of elettaria cardamomum represented in table 2. Comparison of the efficacy of cardamom elettaria cardamomum with pioglitazone on dexamethasoneinduced hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia in albino rats g.
The aim of this study was to examine the phytochemicals of cardamom crude extract and to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of its essential oil. Elettaria cardamomum is a member of the ginger family zingiberaceae. Maton is commonly known as small cardamom, green cardamom, or true cardamom and is grown in india, guatemala, sri lanka, nepal, indonesia, costa rica, mexico and tanzania garg et al. The dried ripe fruits of cardamom have been used as a spice and in medicines since the 4th century bc. Ayurveda ebooks your guide to ayurveda free download. Ginger lily hedychium produces beautiful flowers that are used in garlands and other decorations. It has a large rhizome and long, dark green leaves, 3060 cm long and 515 cm wide. Elettaria cardamomum seed extract is one of the ingredients of the polyherbal formulation for treating the dementia of alzheimers disease aaishwarya et al. Indian cardamom is known for its luxuriant green colour with.
The plant produces small, inferior, capsular fruits, which are collected as they ripen, and dried. Maton is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus elettaria family zingiberaceae. Our payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. Cardamom, ginger and turmeric belong to the family zingiberaceace. It is cultivated widely in tropical regions and reportedly naturalized in reunion, indochina and costa rica. Elettaria cardamomum an overview sciencedirect topics. Wild populations still occur in isolated patches in their natural habitats.
It is sometimes known as the queen of spices alongside black pepper piper nigrum, which is known as the king of spices. The seeds have a pleasant aroma and a characteristic warm, slightly pungent taste. Other names cinnamon palm, cardamon, bastard cardamom, grains of paradise, paitou, sharen, elachi, ela, capalaga, malabar cardamom, cardamom. It is observed that consistency and content varies from one manufacturer to. Pdf phytochemistry and pharmacology of santalum album l. It is a bushy plant, about 3 meters tall with straight stems, symmetrical dark green pointed leaves, and lightly colored flowers with white and. Spicy, citrusy, minty its difficult to describe the flavor of cardamom, other than to say its delicious. Elettaria cardamomum health effects and herbal facts. Synonyms for elettaria cardamomum in free thesaurus.
Nutrient management in small cardamom elettaria cardamomum a. Cardamom is a member of the ginger family and has a thick fleshy root, a rhizome. Elettaria cardamomum true cardamom queen of spices from. The most common spices used are cardamom, cinnamon, cloves and even black pepper. Engl cardamom, true cardamom, cardamom seeds, cardamon, cluster cardamom, lesser cardamom, malabar cardamom, round cardamom, siam. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. November, 2008 cardamom, the queen of spices is native to evergreen western ghats of india and one of the most valuable spices in the world. There are a number of false cardamoms, but the true cardamom is a subtropical or tropical shrub preferring warm temperatures and yearround water. For more information please see jekkapedia, jekkas blog or our faqs page. Elettaria cardamomum, common names green cardamom, true cardamom, is a species native to southern india. Buy cardamom alcoholfree liquid extract, organic cardamom elettaria cardamomum dried seed glycerite 2 oz on free shipping on qualified orders. Cardamom elettaria cardamomum is a leafy perennial herb with hairless leaves neatly arranged along thick fleshy stalks. In india, cardamom is cultivated in altitudes ranging from 900 to 1400 m above msl mean sea level covering three southern. Agronomy and economy of black pepper and cardamom 1st.
This tropical perennial herb is treasured for its use in the cuisines of india, the middle east, and surprisingly, sweden. There are two kinds of cardamoms found in the spice world. Elettaria cardamomum, chances are great that you have the wrong plant. Cardamom, ginger and turmeric encyclopedia of life. They are one of the highest priced and most expensive spices after saffron and vanilla. Descriptors for cardamom elettaria cardamomum maton. Antiulcerogenic activity of elettaria cardamomum maton. Scitamineae, a plant growing wild in the forests of southern india, and cultivated on the malabar coast, and in ceylon. The record derives from wcsp which reports it as an accepted name record 243056 with original publication details. Zingiberaceae capsules fruits have been used for traditional medicine applications including for the control of asthma, teeth and gum infections, cataracts, nausea, diarrhea, as well as cardiac, digestive and kidney disorders. Histological and ultrastructural studies on the toxic effect of pan masala and its amelioration by elettaria cardamomum. The attractive flowers are borne at ground level on muchbranched flowering stems and they develop into small green, white or brown threevalved capsules, each containing several brown seeds. This combination improves appetite, digestion and palatability of herbal formulations, also corrects respiratory and renal disorders. Comparative analysis of the oil and supercritical co2 extract.
Cardamom is a perennial shrub with fleshy, thick and lateral roots and the plant grows to a height of eight feet kapoor, 2000. What is often referred to as white cardamon is actually siam cardamom, amomum krervanh. Zingiberaceae ginger family this popular ginger is native to india. Usa home product directory cell biology nutrition research phytochemicals by. This is useful for students, general public and people interested in natural remedies, yoga and herbs. In summer, shoots spreading from the base carry white, orchidlike flowers with purple, yellow or pink markings, followed by small, aromatic, pale green pods cardamom.
The cardamom plant begins flowering at 23 years of age from the base of the plant. Flowering to harvest period is approximately 120 days. The western ghat forest of the malabar coast, india, is the center of origin and diversity for cardamom and it mi. Cardamom is mainly known as a spice in christmas cookies, even though it is also a rather carefree and neat house plant with fragrant leaves that produce, when touched, an aromatic. The effect of the extraction conditions on the yield and composition of the resulting cardamom volatile oil was examined by testing two pressure values, 9. Henriettes herbal is one of the oldest and largest herbal medicine sites on the net. Chemical constituents of cardamom oil essential oil. Several species of shellflower alpinia are cultivated as ornamentals. Its been online since 1995, and is run by henriette kress, a herbalist in helsinki, finland. Book on basics of ayurveda this small book is an introduction to ayurveda, written by dr.
Elettaria is commonly called cardamom, green cardamom, or true cardamom, whereas amomum is commonly known as black cardamom, brown cardamom, kravan, java cardamom, bengal cardamom, siamese cardamom, white or red cardamom. Abbasipour h, mahmoud m, rastegar f, hosseinpour mh 2011 fumigant toxicity and oviposition deterrency of the essential oil from cardamom, elettaria cardamomum, against three storedproduct insects. The habitat and field view of the cardamom plant is shown in fig. Identification of seven zingiberaceous species based on comparative anatomy of microscopic characteristics of seeds. Indian cardamom is slightly smaller, but more aromatic. Its only natural habitat has the elettaria cardamomum in sri lanka, while in southwestern india and the indian subcontinent some congeneric species are native. Miracle botanicals co2 extracted cardamom essential oil 100% pure elettaria cardamomum 5ml, 10ml, or 30ml sizes therapeutic grade 5ml. True or green cardamom or when bleached, white cardamom comes from the species elettaria cardamomum and is distributed from india to malaysia. True cardamom is harvested from the dried fruit of the elettaria cardamomum plant.
450 292 1266 1273 113 557 1271 678 1250 375 70 36 481 142 585 329 1188 540 431 265 699 1388 694 105 744 43 756 1056 1329 796 1437 796 1164 900 7 1143 942 123 608 996 1133 428 149 1074 797 1144 136 607